Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists

Implications of poverty on global health Poverty has been identified to exist in most if not all countries around the world. Inequality between the poor and the wealthy has been growing and at an alarming rate and inadvertently putting a strain on global health issues. A report by Shah (2009) indicates that eighty percent of the world population is dependent on less than ten dollars a day (Par2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Infant mortality rates plague most nations. The fact that a pregnant mother cannot access the proper diet and viable health facilities makes many children end up not reaching the age of five. A study conducted by UNEP (2006) shows that twenty five thousand children die each day when they contract easily preventable diseases and complications. These death s are mainly concentrated in the poorest regions mainly sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia accounting for approximately seven and a half million deaths in2006.Little progress has been shown to exist if one is to compare the late nineties and into the twenty first century but a lot still needs to be done to avert this catastrophe. Children need to be given the right type of healthcare and food security to diminish this trend. Malnutrition is another factor that has been attributed to poverty. With most people living below the poverty line (living below $1.25 a day) most families find it difficult if not impossible to meet their daily food requirements and in turn ill health is prevalent. This is another indicator that poverty eradication measures need to be effected .This has not taken place. Instead most poverty stricken countries opt for food aid a solution that is both temporal and ineffective. In the end starving citizenry end up thronging an already over extended health system th at is not able to cater for their needs (Chan, 2003, par4). A viable health system with proper equipment and qualified personnel is difficult to set up for most countries. This has negatively impacted health globally. Viable systems are only available to the wealthy while the poor are forced to contend with scarce facilities and them being the majority end up not accessing the right quality of health care. 1.4 billion people live below the poverty line according to Shah (2009), with this in mind one can only realize the enormity of the situation if this people need to access the right kind of health care (par3).Advertising Looking for essay on healthcare? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The poor bear the biggest burden when it comes to ignorance and inaccessibility of the right information. This in turn means they end up losing out on health issues that are pertinent in maintaining their health. In instances of tobacco use thi s has been on the rise with figures on the rise to about thirteen hundred million smokers presently. In cases of tobacco related complications most countries are forced to put up viable health systems that would be able to cater for this. With the poor not being able to access this health systems one would expect that they would be able easily acquire the right information be it the ingredients of the cigarette or the complications that arise from its use. It is therefore necessary that the governments take up necessary steps so as to reverse this poverty and inequality problems. This will help a great deal in improving the global health issues (Chan, 2003, par3). Research methodology available to medical anthropologists There exist different methods that a researcher may use. First are Cross sectional studies. This involves taking a small part of a population or a cross section of the population and finding out how a certain phenomenon affects as at that time of that study. It is n ot expensive to undertake and allows the researcher to instigate contact with the respondents. This method can be used where one wants to find out an attitude of people in a certain area (Research methodology for global impact fellows, 2001, par2). Longitudinal studies on the other hand involve the researcher following the subject of their study for days, months or even years for results. Most of this research are considered observational and at that do not manipulate variables being studied. Other research methodologies as shown by the research methodology for global impact fellows (2001) include undertaking sampling. In this category there are random sampling where one uses a random generator to choose participants in the sampled group .There is also systematic sampling where one uses a given nth variable to locate the samples. Convenience sampling involves systematic looking for certain characteristics in a participant that are both accessible and suited for the research (Frater, J. (2010, p4).Interviews and surveys are also carried out in this method. For example searching for participants who are well versed in a certain community’s culture and traditions one may opt for convenience sampling References Chan, M., (Feb. 2003). Health, poverty and human rights. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frater, J. (2010). Characterization of the immune response in AIDS. Immunology. Research methodology for global impact fellows, (2001). Unite For Sight. Retrieved from http://www.uniteforsight.org/research-methodology/ Shah A. (March, 2009). Poverty and facts. Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats Shah A. (March, 2009). Today over 25,000childrendied around the world. Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/art icle/715/today-21000-children-died-around-the-world This essay on Implications of Poverty on Global Health and Research Methodologies Available To Medical Anthropologists was written and submitted by user Emelia Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Tv

Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of society’s view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by network television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience. The Goldbergs, which was originally a radio show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a small apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and humorous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic family’s status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series’ premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that led TV executives to seriously challenge the show’s impending success was the use of Lucille Ball’s real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The â€Å"mixed-marriage† status was a questionable concept that worried the administrators. The situation prevailed; its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950’s household comedy, focused on life through the ey... Free Essays on Tv Free Essays on Tv Television is not just a form of entertainment, but it is an excellent form of study of society’s view concerning its families. This study focuses on the history of television beginning in the early 1950s and will run through present day. It examines the use of racial, ethnic and sexual stereotypes to characterize the players of these shows. The examples assist in tracing what has happened to the depiction of the American family on prime time television. It reveals the change of the standards employed by network television as disclosed to the American public. Finally, I will propose the question of which is the influential entity, television or the viewing audience. The Goldbergs, which was originally a radio show, became the first popular family series. It became a weekly TV series in 1949, revealing to Americans a working class Jewish family who resided in a small apartment in the Bronx. The show, while warm and humorous, confronted delicate social issues, such as sensitivity due to the Second World War. It is an excellent example of an ethnic family’s status in society. A classic among classics, I Love Lucy appeared on television on October 15, 1951, (nick-at-nite.com/tvretro/shows/ilovelucy/index.tin). The series’ premise focused on the antics of a nonsensical wife who beguiles her easily angered husband. The series created the men-versus-women standard on television, (such as what we see between Dan and Roseanne on Roseanne today), that still predominates today. One circumstance that led TV executives to seriously challenge the show’s impending success was the use of Lucille Ball’s real-life Cuban husband, Desi Arnaz. The â€Å"mixed-marriage† status was a questionable concept that worried the administrators. The situation prevailed; its episodes routinely attracted over two-thirds of the television audience. Leave it to Beaver, the definitive 1950’s household comedy, focused on life through the ey...

Google Inc Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Google Inc Business Strategy - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  the analysis of strategic framework of an organization can be done by using the framework of the Generic model proposed by Michael Porter. The model states that a firm can pursue four strategies that include overall cost leadership, focus, differentiation and differentiation focus strategies. Depending on the business and the market environment a firm can either chose one strategy or a combination of these strategies.   Overall cost leadership strategy involves a strategic framework in which a business organization lowers its cost of operations and uses the cost benefits to sell products at lower prices than their competitors. Business organizations using a differentiation strategy provide a unique product or service offering that is unmatched by the competitors in the industry segment.   In the present study the choice of Porter’s generic strategies has been selected because of the fact that Google has a large number of business units and the framework of the generic model proposed by Porter would help in a better understanding of the business strategies of Google. Porter’s generic strategies would not only help analyse the past and present strategies but would also give an idea about the future course of strategic endeavours that would be pursued by the organization.  Google is one organization that is synonymous with internet as it is the largest search engine company.  ... l cost leadership strategy involves a strategic framework in which a business organization lowers its cost of operations and uses the cost benefits to sell products at lower prices than their competitors. Business organizations using a differentiation strategy provide a unique product or service offering that is unmatched by the competitors in the industry segment. Firms using such a strategy normally charge a premium for their uniqueness in the product or service offering and generate their core competence based on their innovations. Focus strategy involves targeting a very core and niche consumer segment and providing services that tend to cater to the very specific needs of the customers (Botten, 2007, p.263). Bowman’s strategic clock (refer annexure 2) also includes the above dimensions of Porter’s strategic model in addition to the inclusion of competitive rivalry within the industry (Drews, 2010, p.8). In the present study the choice of Porter’s generic str ategies has been selected because of the fact that Google has a large number of business units and the framework of the generic model proposed by Porter would help in a better understanding of the business strategies of Google. Porter’s generic strategies would not only help analyse the past and present strategies but would also give an idea about the future course of strategic endeavours that would be pursued by the organization. Analysis and Evaluation of Google Strategy Google is one organization that is synonymous with internet as it is the largest search engine company. In addition to search engine that constitutes the bulk of its business, the company also has many other business units that includes video streaming, online social networking etc. The main source of revenue for the company comes

3 key differences between managers and leaders Essay

3 key differences between managers and leaders - Essay Example Kotter asserts that when an individual is playing the role of a leader he comes up with new ideas and plans and persuades his/her followers into thinking about a future that is both positive and beneficial in nature (KOTTERMAN, 2006, p.15). A leader always has to keep his eyes open for opportunities and develop new techniques and strategies in accordance to these opportunities. On the contrary, a manager has the responsibility of maintaining how the organization is currently running and the culture that has been adopted by the organization. His main aim is to secure the organization’s bottom line and maintain discipline through his controlling role. According to Nicholaides’ research that the role of a leader is to inspire his/her followers to make them perform at their best and he is well aware of how follower’s pace of work can be increased (Nicolaides, 2010, p.32). He asserts that success in leadership is not dependent on what the individual leader does; it is rather dependant on what the followers do in response to a leader. On the other hand a manager is an individual who uses his control over the employees and subordinates by assisting them in developing their personal asserts and helping them in using their best talents. Any individual within the organization can become a leader, a leader’s power are not dependant on the position he is assigned to within the organization. For example: a leader can be an executive working in the information technology department. This is because he has expertise and information that nobody else within the organization has and in order to obtain his/her expertise, followers accept him/her as a leader. Stanley suggests that a manager obtains his power due to his/her management level position within the hierarchy of an organization (STANLEY, 2006, p.33). Grint asserts that even managers are followers of a leader as a leader creates the

Case Study on Psalm 121 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study on Psalm 121 - Term Paper Example These psalms could also have been written during the days of Hezekiah when the Assyrians were threatening the security of Judea and Jerusalem3. The Psalms of Ascent are called the hymns of the stairs because they were said to have been sung while the pilgrim was going up and down the stairs of the Temple of Jerusalem4. The reason for this is that either the One of these psalms is Psalm 121, or â€Å"a song of ascents†6 which contains metaphors describing Divine intervention at the time of threats in our lives. During the post-exilic period, a new identity of Judaism was emerging and brewing at the Temple in Jerusalem. In Psalm 121, the first-person narrator is the ancient pilgrim who has experienced various human problems and who is now on his way to Jerusalem7. This pilgrim longs for Jerusalem itself8. Psalm 121 employs particular poetic devices that further reveal the message of assurance of God’s protection. The use of the statements, â€Å"He will not let your foot slip,†9 and â€Å"he who watches over Israel will neither slumber nor sleep†10 are metaphors that reveal the assurance of God. The first one – â€Å"He will not let your foot slip† – is about God not allowing a human being to put himself in danger. Oftentimes, people do things that put them in trouble and sometimes tend to make choices that would eventually harm them. However, God assures, through Psalm 121, that He will not allow this to happen. This also implies that although God has granted man free will, it does not mean that He would allow man to make choices that will put him in danger. Moreover, the line â€Å"he who watches over Israel will neither slumber. Moreover, the line which says â€Å"he who watches over Israel will neither slumber not sleep† – implies that God sees everything and that He does not blink at all so that He would some small detail escape His sight and scrutiny, and He does this to assure the pilgrim that he is always watched over, guarded and

Is The State Still The Most Important Actor Politics Essay

Is The State Still The Most Important Actor Politics Essay In the traditional perception, the state plays the leading role in international relations. However, after the World War , with the rise of communications technology, the deepening of international division of labor and the expansion of global trade, a good deal of international organizations was established. The international environment was changed due to globalization. It becomes easier for states to communicate with each other, which influence international political, economic, military and culture to a great degree. The increasing number of these organizations is parallel to the increasing levels of political, economic, military and cultural transactions between individuals, societies and states. These kinds of non-state actors challenge the state- centric perception. Therefore, in this essay, three sections will be used to discuss whether the state is still the most important actor in international relations. Firstly, it will cite two theories about the role of the state plays in contemporary international relations. Following this, it will give an account of whether the position of the state in international relations will be replaced because of globalization. Finally, it will illustrate the role of the state plays in international economy, politics and climate. There are two prevailing theories about the role of the state in international relations. Neorealism emphasizes the state plays the most important role in international arena. On one hand, the state possesses sovereign power to insure domestic security. On the other hand, neorealism also stresses the state influence economy in international relations. Neoliberalism not only indicates that the state is the main behavior body in international system, but also affirms the role of non-states, such as international organization, transnational organizations and other kinds of social organizations. As a by-product of intensified globalization process, these kinds of organizations have become more significant determinants of foreign policies of the state (Ataman, M., 2000). Globalization influences the position of the state in international relations By looking at globalization, the proliferation of non-state actors is gaining international influence and position. Non-state actors can be divided into international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational or international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (Ataman, M., 2003). International intergovernmental organizations are created by states. They have official document of government agencies. On the contrary, transnational or international non-governmental organizations are established not by the state, but by some group of businessmen, individuals and other societal units. They have no legal connection with the state, so they are genuinely transnational (Oyugi Walter O., 2004). But the state can restrain the activities of these kinds of organizations. There are a number of powerful organizations such as the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United Nations. Though these organizations own strong power in the international relations, they are entire operate by states. Along with the intensification of globalization ¼Ã…’the growth of so many kinds of non-state actors is bound to influence the status of the state in international relations. But they can not substitute for the state. The state is still the most important actor in international relations. The role of the state in the international economy, politics and climate Globalization can be found everywhere, such as economy, politics and climate (Clapham and Christopher, 2002). Whether the role of the state in international relations can be replaced due to globalization, it will be discussed as follows: Globalization has brought about the biggest influence to the economy. Globalization can run businesses, business also can run globalization. That is to say, if a boss of any company wants to make a profile, he has to deal with the government of the state. The state can suspended any operating company. Under this circumstance, the state proves to be the most important actor in international relations on account of it has a right to determine whether a new company can turn into the country business. International politics is very important to coordinate international relationships, safeguard the world peace and make successful businesses. The state is responsible for international politics. The peace of the world is an eternal theme in the international politics. How do the state and the world peace affect each other? The world peace is not able to be achieved only by one state. This utopian goal is only brought out by the endeavor of the whole world. Even though most of international organizations are making great efforts to prevent chaos caused by war, the state is also play the major role in international relations. The United Nations calls on every country should work together to fight against warfare. The relationships between peace and development are interdependency, interrelationship and inter-advance. It requires the state to play the leading role to coordinate the world circumstance, protect the world peace and then promote common development of the whole world. Global warming is gradually become a significant topic in the world due to climate globalization, it persecutes nearly everybody. Because Global Warming could lead to glaciers melt, and sea level rise. Therefore, people are starting to take actions to deal with this problem. For example, in order to protect the environment, an international agreement the Kyoto Protocol is formulated. The purposes of the Kyoto Protocol are to cut down pollution and prevent greenhouse effect. However, the Kyoto Protocol is not formulated by individual or international organization, but drafted by states. It further proves the state play the most important role in international relations. Conclusion In conclusion, the state is still the most impotent actor in international relations. There are several strong points can be listed to get this conclusion. First of all, international organizations govern the globe, and these organizations consist of states. The state influences and powers over international organizations. Following this, globalization changes the international environment and lead to many kinds of non-state actors spring up. To a degree, these non-state actors are gaining status and influence in global economy, politics and climate, but it impossible to replace the position of the state in international relations. Any international affair is not a problem of one state but of the whole world. Taking into account the whole of these reasons, it can be concluded that the state is still the most important actor in international relations.

Romanticism in Germany :: European Europe History

Romanticism in Germany Romanticism was a European cultural revolt against authority, tradition, and Classical order (the Enlightenment); this movement permeated Western Civilization over a period that approximately dated from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. In general, Romanticism is that attitude or state of mind that focuses on the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the creative, and the emotional. These characteristics of Romanticism most often took form in subject matters such as history, national endeavor, and the sublime beauties of nature. According to historians, the mind-set of the Romantics was completely contradictory to the straightforwardness, impartiality, and serenity of 18th century Classicism. By the 19th century, Romanticism and Classicism had clearly been established and recognized as a major split in art. Masses of Europeans found the concepts of Romanticism appealing and the engagement of these concepts resulted in the reshaping of nineteenth century Germany. The Romant ic Movement played a significant role in intellectual life, influencing the country's nationalistic fervor. Nationalism was born with the French Revolution. Nationalism refers to the belief that the state and the nation should coincide as a single entity. It is best described in the equation 'people = nation = state.' In 1789 the people of France, defined themselves as the nation, took control of the state and the nation state was created. The sense of nationhood was intensified by the internal attempts to overthrow the revolution and by the experience of the war. Victories abroad instilled a feeling of national pride and of national duty. At first the fraternal wish was to free other subject peoples. Then later to civilize Europe by the export of French ideas and by the further control of foreign territory, which was an aim particularly, associated with the Napoleonic Era (1799-1815). Napoleon claimed that the sole purpose of regulating alien territory was to free Germans and Italians, but whilst he reconstructed the frontiers of the European states, he did very little to encourage nation alism directly. Nationalism developed as a reaction to French rule in the geographical areas of Germany. A general feeling of humiliation blanketed the populace of Germany after the invasion and people began to rise up against the empire of Napoleon I. The spirit of nationalism took a stronghold in Germany. Writers began to expound common culture, heritage and language that defined Germans. Works from Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), one of the earlier well respected German philosophers and writers of the time played a significant role in the development of the patriotic insurrection. Romanticism in Germany :: European Europe History Romanticism in Germany Romanticism was a European cultural revolt against authority, tradition, and Classical order (the Enlightenment); this movement permeated Western Civilization over a period that approximately dated from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. In general, Romanticism is that attitude or state of mind that focuses on the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the creative, and the emotional. These characteristics of Romanticism most often took form in subject matters such as history, national endeavor, and the sublime beauties of nature. According to historians, the mind-set of the Romantics was completely contradictory to the straightforwardness, impartiality, and serenity of 18th century Classicism. By the 19th century, Romanticism and Classicism had clearly been established and recognized as a major split in art. Masses of Europeans found the concepts of Romanticism appealing and the engagement of these concepts resulted in the reshaping of nineteenth century Germany. The Romant ic Movement played a significant role in intellectual life, influencing the country's nationalistic fervor. Nationalism was born with the French Revolution. Nationalism refers to the belief that the state and the nation should coincide as a single entity. It is best described in the equation 'people = nation = state.' In 1789 the people of France, defined themselves as the nation, took control of the state and the nation state was created. The sense of nationhood was intensified by the internal attempts to overthrow the revolution and by the experience of the war. Victories abroad instilled a feeling of national pride and of national duty. At first the fraternal wish was to free other subject peoples. Then later to civilize Europe by the export of French ideas and by the further control of foreign territory, which was an aim particularly, associated with the Napoleonic Era (1799-1815). Napoleon claimed that the sole purpose of regulating alien territory was to free Germans and Italians, but whilst he reconstructed the frontiers of the European states, he did very little to encourage nation alism directly. Nationalism developed as a reaction to French rule in the geographical areas of Germany. A general feeling of humiliation blanketed the populace of Germany after the invasion and people began to rise up against the empire of Napoleon I. The spirit of nationalism took a stronghold in Germany. Writers began to expound common culture, heritage and language that defined Germans. Works from Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), one of the earlier well respected German philosophers and writers of the time played a significant role in the development of the patriotic insurrection.

Unemployment and Welfare

This essay will let you know the different opinions of federal policy issues involving welfare causing conflicting debates between national, state, and local government and how these conflicting issues relate to federalism. Federalism is â€Å"A government system where power and authority are shared by national and states governments, with the ultimate authority derived from the people.With that been said this essay will also describe the history of TANF and discuss debates about the pros and cons of TANF Temporary Assistance to Needy Families and the problems they are intended to solve or improve and the effectiveness of them both. (Levin-Waldman, 2012). When people think about welfare they normally think of Medicaid, WIA Work Investment Act, WIC Women, Infants, and Children and of course AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children now TANF, and HUD Housing and Urban Development.They tend to view it as the federal government giving away the countries money and the taxpayer’ s hard-earned dollars to people who cannot support themselves. Majority of people do not like the idea regardless of what and some are sympathetic to the poor and think you should help if you can and are financially stable. They may wonder why they cannot support themselves, why do not they work or go to school, why they are having children they cannot take care of. These reasons are among other things are how people see and view welfare in today’s society no matter what.The reasons could vary from a person that lost a spouse, or they could have been laid off or fired from their jobs, or maybe their hours were decreased as there could be many other reasons, but there are programs to help people get back on their feet for example, training seminars, workshops, help with schooling and finding jobs as well as day care assistance, nutritional programs, finding housing and other needs. The welfare reform debate has remained very emotional, because it touches on the most sensitive of societal issues: work, family, sex, abortion, personal responsibility, and community integrity.Welfare reform has become a very important topic in today’s world from fundamental questions about quality of life and how to allocate personal and public responsibilities. We are not sure as a society whether economic security for children is more important than providing clear consequences to parents who fail to play by the rules. We argue whether individual that are not responsible or societal barriers are at the root of welfare dependency.Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the nation's cash assistance program for poor families with children, has not played much of a countercyclical role during the current recession. As unemployment has risen, TANF caseloads nationally have grown much more slowly and state TANF caseloads have not tracked state unemployment growth. Program rules and financing structures limit the responsiveness of TANF in a downturn. As TANF reauth orization is considered, this brief details some relatively small changes that could improve the program's effectiveness in future recessions (Welfare Reform Act of 2011).Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), the signature program of welfare in the United States and the focal point of discussions about reform, was terminated in 1996 with the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. This legislation effectively replaced AFDC, Emergency Assistance, and the JOBS program–and the open-ended federal appropriations that supported them–with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grant. In effect, the federal government began turning responsibility for welfare back to the states.Pros- Welfare has the benefit of providing much-needed food, medical care and money to citizens who qualify to receive it. Since taxes fund welfare, it redistributes wealth across the population. Welfare also prevents even further social proble ms by allowing some recipients to maintain their standard of living. For example, unemployed workers who receive an unemployment benefit may be able to keep their homes despite the loss of income, preventing a foreclosure and possible homelessness.Cons- The biggest disadvantage of welfare is its cost to the local governments that administer it. Even with federal funding, states feel the burden of welfare in each annual budget. Welfare may encourage some recipients not to seek work, since a rise in income would disqualify them from receiving free benefits. It is also an opportunity for fraud, which occurs whenever someone supplies false information to receive welfare benefits without truly qualifying

Analysis Of Todays Consumerism Anthropology Essay

Everlasting consumerism has shaped the manner twenty-first century landscape looks like. It creates limitless demand of merchandises and shops in any possible infinite. Retail design is responsible to change over this possible infinite into a ‘consumerism infinite ‘ . It is where people encounter strong force to see and purchase merchandises. A perfect illustration to demo grounds exists in manner universe. There is strong indicant of tense competition happens between dressing industry to win the market. In relation to that, the shop has become one cardinal facet or instead a strong statement to make trade name consciousness among public. The inquiry arise is how, in a comparatively over-saturated market, a shop can be perchance designed to convey strong message to pull the ‘crowd of consumerism ‘ into the infinite.1.1. Consumerism TodayThe thought of consuming has changed over the past decennaries. Back to the early human civilisation period, most of the acti vities were needs-driven actions. Earlier, as huntsman gatherer, human hunted animate beings to be able to eat. Followed by agricultural period, agriculture and works cultivation were done to bring forth their nutrient. Consuming was a mere activity that must be done in order to last. In Industrial and technological age, the manner people consume things has changed. As more diverse merchandise being produced and diverse ways of distribution being invented, there are pleasure factors of devouring in signifier of picks. Peoples find excitement in taking what they want to devour. This leads to modern consumerism where the construct of consuming goes beyond the demands of endurance.1.2.Shopping as Modern ConsumerismShopping is the twenty-first century ‘s representation of human consumerism. Peoples find delectations surrounded by scope of different stores and trade names. To be able to take and compares is the high spot of modern life consumerism. In signifiers of choosing, purcha sing, and utilizing, shopping has catered these demands. Shopping can be seen as in a positive manner of carry throughing people ‘s demands and wants. But seemingly, it has developed so fast, in footings of activity, infinite, and merchandises. And over the past decennaries, it becomes major facet in human life. Museums, libraries, airdromes, infirmaries, and schools are going progressively identical from shopping. Their acceptance of retail for endurance has unleashed an tremendous moving ridge of commercial entrapment that has transformed museumgoers, research workers, travellers, patients, and pupils into clients ( Koolhaas cited in Luna, 2005, p.26 ) Shopping is arguably the most cosmopolitan activity today. The manner interior decorator design infinite has to follow this thought every bit good. Space has to be designed in such a manner to suit this, to enable people to shop anyplace, anytime.1.3.The Being of Fashion RetailFashion retail possibly is the best illustration to portray the modern consumerism. It shows how people thirstily choose what they wear under the limelight of diverse manner trade names. If the instance is taken to a higher degree, it demonstrates evidently how people determinations are led by pick alternatively of demands. High category manner trade names such as LMVH, Gucci, and Prada exist to function beyond people ‘s demand of vesture. They meet people ‘s desire for picks for scope of luxury merchandises.1.4.Fashion of SingaporeSingapore cityscape pictures clearly the being of international manner trade names. They, so, has become one strong attractive force point of Singapore for both local cos tumiers and tourers. Singapore is one of the chief competition spheres for these elephantine manner trade names in Asia. To be able to run into clients ‘ demand, every trade name has to come up with high-end design for its retail. Design and engineerings are optimized in its usage to hike the shopping experience that lead to trade name consciousness. All these things have to be done so that people will take certain trade name and non others. Orchard Road is a good illustration picturing the competition among these trade names. Interior design, facade intervention, show engineerings are being optimized to pull walkers along the route.2.Retail MetempsychosisPeoples find pleasances in taking what they want. Retail has two different attacks in response to the demand. First, they must be able to supply a scope of merchandises for clients to take. Second, the retail itself capable to competition. That means it is besides considered one of so many picks in the market. In this affair, the retail has to turn out to the market that it is deserving chosen. The trade name, the merchandises, and the shop has to work together to stand out and creates strong consciousness in the market place. Retail has to rebirth, go forthing old conservative manner of advancing trade names, and making fresh interaction between merchandises and clients.2.1.Brand ManifestationWith a strong competition in the manner market, a strong typical image of a trade name is required to make public consciousness. The instance is non lone competition among merchandises but besides continues to the environment where the merchandises being promoted. At this phase, a shop has become cardinal tool for the trade name to make its images. A flagship shop is designed to represents the individuality of the trade name so. For new clients, the shop become the first things that attracts them before they go farther down to the merchandises being offered or even before they see the window shows.2.1.1.Design for the Trade namesArchitecture and interior design are responsible to make environment to present merchandises to clients. Fashion retail, irrespective of manner, tendencies, or trade name individuality, should be able to make client consciousness and excite them to come and take it alternatively of other stores. This is the cardinal map of retail design before it goes down into a deeper and more specific case-based map. On higher degree, the designer or interior interior decorator must understand the nature of cloth and how single manner interior decorator, that is being represented, has their personal technique to handle it. This alone quality is the 1 that gives character to a trade name. The character, so, must be translated into the infinite in order to make strong statement of the trade name.2.1.2.Emphasizing Fictional characterIn order to be typical in an over-crowded market, a strong character of the trade name is required. This character is projected from the manner the trade name transport itself to the market. It consists of scope of merchandises and service being offered, and the environment of where the commercial activities take topographic point. Retail design has to be able to make the ambiance that span clients and merchandises. The shop acts as a bundle and shelter, literally and metaphorically, to the trade name. The character will merely be emphasized if there is integrity between the trade name, the merchandise, and the shop.2.1.3.Characterizing StructureA shop as a physical shelter might be more than plenty to envelope the commercial activity go oning under it. But in manner universe, it goes farther than functionality. More than merely a topographic point to expose the merchandise and supplying circulation for people to walk and shop the merchandise, the retail has to associate itself to the merchandise and the company doctrine. In other words, the shop has to set up relation, in signifier and intent, with the apparels. The physical constr uction, that provide commercial environment, has to intermix in with the apparels and make overall integrity. Merely by this manner, the client will see the bigger image of the trade name, and non loose pieces of the trade names. One ideal illustration of harmoniousness between trade name and shop is shown in Calvin Klein shop located in Avenue Montaigne, Paris. Its shop, designed by John Pawson in 2002, made a good illustration of how the character of the apparels -especially the early Calvin Klein ‘s work- has been translated into the retail infinite. ( Klein ) has said â€Å" It ‘s of import non to confound simpleness with uninteresting, † and executes his simplified, refined, sportswear-based forms in epicurean natural fibres, †¦( Stegemeyer, 2004, p.130 ) It is the thought of simpleness that is systematically conveyed through the trade name, merchandises, and shop. Straight lines and clear infinite sequences brings out the lucidity of the apparels, making a clean and elusive atmosphere of the shop. The coveted simpleness atmosphere is reinforced through impersonal coloring material that is achieved by stuffs and illuming installing.2.2.Design DifferentiationA character manifestation to a infinite is inevitability necessities to make strong trade name consciousness. However, irrespective of the trade name that is being represented, manner shop can be typical by itself. It is a 2nd measure after set uping strong representation of the trade name. This is about different attack from the experience side, researching the interaction between merchandises and clients in a conducive controlled environment. In other word, it redefines the manner people shop inside a shop, making a fresh shopping experience.2.2.1.New Fashion Stores FundamentalWi th Singapore landscape that has been over-crowded with shopping promenades and retail shops, the creative activity of retail shop should be more carefully considered. When the market is driven by consumerism, the rate of retail formation will go on to lift up. However, any retail creative activity should see avoiding similar add-on to the bing scene that might make impregnation to market. It is a scheme to hedge the similarity and, at the same clip, open up a opportunity to stand out in the market place. To turn to the issues, the shop must provide certain factors in its design attack in malice of the trade name it conveys.2.2.2.Flexible Frequent SpaceRetails should be able to update themselves often. It has to be able to accommodate to new merchandises, seasonality, and client tendencies. There is a high degree of experimentation in retail design. It relates to manner, and manner alterations invariably, is surprising and wants to make experiences ( de Wild, 2009, p.14 ) In progress degree, apart from the impermanent things, it has to alter in order to make different interaction between clients and merchandise in each brush. In other word it needs to switch, non merely in footings of layout, but in a bigger shop strategy. By using this construct, it is non merely the window shows that change every clip new merchandises are launched, but the whole shop represent the show that able to alter wholly. The thought can be achieved by using modular system for the furniture, puting digital multimedia interface, utilizing less heavy fixed show furniture, and put ining replaceable illuming systems.2.2.3.Centre of Social ActivitiesThe new construct of retail shop is non simply about providing commercial activities -selling, advertisement, and purchasing. It is to integrate retail infinite and communal infinite to be a societal meeting point. With the planetary tendency of denationalization, I think we are most interested in the thought of shopping as a new sort of public infinite. How can we enrich these experiences? Can we convey new content, information, thoughts and ocular experiences to shopping in a thoughtful and dynamic manner? ( Seller, 2009, p. 23 ) The thought is to ease people do many other animating activities in their shopping clip. This thought can be done by open-space construct shop, creative activity of different communal infinites inside the shop, and even distribution between merchandise show and cosmetic points -plants, resting furniture, etc. The ideal integrating of societal infinite and commercial infinite is when people are able to rest and relief without any force per unit area to purchase while they are unconsciously take pleasance in the merchandises and tempted to purchase.2.2.4.Cultural RelevanceLocal relevance is of import to do a shop appears hospitable. Establishing relation with the local civilization is important to associate the planetary trade name to smaller local market. Selling merchandises is non about pelting possible clients with the planetary merchandises. Alternatively, it has to be relevant to the context and understand local clients. This can be manifested through adaptative re-use of local l andmark as retail infinite, redevelopment of historical aged edifice, and design merger between trade name character and local civilization. The new construct shop is about being able to unite the attraction of the trade name with local gustatory sensation to make strong invitation and besides sense of belonging to clients. The design attack mentioned above can be applied into a shop regardless of trade names and merchandises. The intent is to make new manner of shopping. Back to the statement before where people find satisfaction to be able to take, it is how the choosing activity can be more valuable and rich in experience. When this attack merged with the trade name character, it becomes a holistic bundle that convey strongly to the market place. The mission is accomplished when people find delight in choosing and be able to trustingly take the trade name.3. DecisionThe consumerism-driven market will do people enthusiastically choose the merchandises they want. With an over-saturated market in Singapore, an unconventional design is required to for a manner retail to be typical and therefore, win the market. First, the shop has to attest the trade name that it represents. The shop design must convey the trade name and merchandises philosophy to make holistic image and strong trade name consciousness. Second, in footings experience, it must make refreshing and enriching manner of shopping. In effort to accomplish the experience, shop demands to be designed with consideration of three attacks ( flexible frequent infinite, centre of societal activities, and cultural relevancy ) . The new retail shop requires changeless altering in order to supply up to day of the month shopping experience for clients. A shop has to be a societal assembly more than a commercial topographic point, supplying a placid customer-oriented ambiance. Additionally, it is necessary for a shop to hold a connexion with local context and make a sense of belonging in clients mind.BibliographyAntonini, Alessandra. 2008.Design Boutiques. Barcelona: LinkssDesign Council, 2009.Retail Design. [ Online ] ( Updated 26 Oct 2008 )Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.designcouncil.org.uk/About-Design/Design-Disciplines/Retail-Design/ [ Accessed 17 January 2010 ]de Wild, Femke. 2009. Retail Future.FRAME. Issue 69, Jul/Aug, p.14.EnterpriseOne, 2009.Recent Retail Trends & A ; Future Developments. [ Online ] ( Updated 01 Jan 2010 )Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.business.gov.sg/EN/Industries/Retail/StatisticsNTrends/FactsFiguresNTrends/retail_overview_trends.htm [ Accessed 12 January 2010 ]Harvard Design School. 2001.The Harvard Design School Guide to Shoping. Cambridge: TaschenPawson, John.Calvin Klein Store Paris[ Photographs ] [ Online ]Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.johnpawson.com/architecture/stores/calvinklein/paris [ Accessed 5 April 2010 ]Luna, Ian. 2005.Retail. Architecture + Shoping. New York: RizzoliManuelli, Sara. 2006.Design for Shoping. London: Laurence KingMostaedi, Arian. 2004.Cool Shops. Singapore: Page OnePawley, Martin. 2000. Fashion + Architecture. London: Wiley-AcademyRiewoldt, Otto. 2000.Retail Design.London: Page One2002. Brandscaping. Berlin: BirkhauserSellers, Susan. 2009. 2Ãâ€"4, Inc on interview with Idn.Idn vol 15 figure 6,pp.22-23.Singapore Department of Statistic. 2009. Yearbook of Statistics Singapore.Statisticss Singapore[ Internet ] ( Updated 13 Aug 2009 )Available at:www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/reference/yos09/yos2009.pdf [ Accessed 10 January 2010 ] .Stegemeyer, Anne. 2004.Who ‘s Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publication.

The Large Hadron Collider and the Frontier of Physics

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The neutrons are made up of subatomic particles called quarks. Are there smaller particles? Thats what particle accelerators are designed to find out. The way they do this is to create conditions similar to what it was like just after the Big Bang - the event that began the universe. At that point, some 13.7 billion years ago, the universe was made only of particles. They were scattered freely through the infant cosmos and roamed constantly. These include mesons, pions, baryons, and hadrons (for which the accelerator is named). Particle physicists (the people who study these particles) suspect that matter is made up of at least twelve kinds of fundamental particles. They are divided into quarks (mentioned above) and leptons. There are six of each type. That only accounts for some of the fundamental particles in nature. The rest are created in super-energetic collisions (either in the Big Bang or in accelerators such as the LHC). Inside those collisions, particle physicists get a very fast glimpse at what conditions were like in the Big Bang, when the fundamental particles were first created. What is the LHC? The LHC is the largest particle accelerator in the world, a big sister to Fermilab in Illinois and other smaller accelerators. LHC is located near Geneva, Switzerland, built and operated by the European Organization for Nuclear Research, and used by more than 10,000 scientists from around the world. Along its ring, physicists and technicians have installed extremely strong supercooled magnets that guide and shape the beams of particles through a beam pipe). Once the beams are moving fast enough, specialized magnets guide them to the correct positions where the collisions take place. Specialized detectors record the collisions, the particles, the temperatures and other conditions at the time of the collision, and the particle actions in the billionths of a second during which the smash-ups take place. What Has the LHC Discovered? When particle physicists planned and built the LHC, one thing they hoped to find evidence for is the Higgs Boson. Its a particle named after Peter Higgs, who predicted its existence. In 2012, the LHC consortium announced that experiments had revealed the existence of a boson that matched the expected criteria for the Higgs Boson. In addition to the continued search for the Higgs, scientists using the LHC have created whats called a quark-gluon plasma, which is the densest matter thought to exist outside of a black hole. Other particle experiments are helping physicists understand supersymmetry, which is a spacetime symmetry that involves two related types of particles: bosons and fermions. Each group of particles is thought to have an associated superpartner particle in the other. Understanding such supersymmetry would give scientists further insight into whats called the standard model. Its a theory that explains what the world is, what holds its matter together, and the forces and particles involved. The Future of the LHC Operations at the LHC have included two major observing runs. In between each one, the system is refurbished and upgraded to improve its instrumentation and detectors. The next updates (slated for 2018 and beyond) will include an increase in collisional velocities, and a chance to increase the luminosity of the machine. What that means is that LHC will be able to see ever more rare and fast-occurring processes of particle acceleration and collision. The faster the collisions can occur, the more energy will be released as ever-smaller and harder-to-detect particles are involved. This will give particle physicists an even better look at the very building blocks of matter that make up the stars, galaxies, planets, and life.

Memo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The Growing Population And Their Fight For Survival Essay

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